Current research projects

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Image Innovative cryogenic cooling system for the recondensation / liquefaction of technical gases up to 77 K
Image Brine (water)-water heat pump
Image In-situ investigation concerning the swelling behaviour of polymer materials under elevated pressures and temperatures
Image Panel with indirect evaporative cooling via membrane
Image Tribological investigations of oil-refrigerant-material-systems
Image IO-Scan - Integral measuring optical scanning method
Image Development of test methods and test rigs for stationary integrated refrigeration units
Image In-Situ-Swelling Behaviour of Polymer Materials in Flammable Fluids
Image 3D - Air flow sensor
Image Ionocaloric cooling
Image ZeroHeatPump
Image Performance tests of refrigerant compressors
Image Practical training, diploma, master, bachelor
Image Investigation according to DIN EN ISO 14903
Image All-in-one device for freeze-drying and production of biomaterial

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In-Situ-Swelling Behaviour of Polymer Materials in Flammable Fluids

Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz

11/2023 - 03/2026

Dr. Joachim Germanus

+49-351-4081-5412

Material sciences

Project aim:

The aim of the project is to further develop of a test method for investigating the swelling and shrinkage behaviour of polymeric materials in flammable fluids (e.g. ethane, propane, iso-butane, hydrogen) under process conditions (p-T). The tests are possible in the gas and liquid phase as well as in supercritical fluids. In particular, O-rings have proved to be useful specimens on which swelling and shrinkage behaviour can be measured under defined conditions, even in a pre-stressed state.

Due to increasing environmental regulations, hydrocarbons, i.e. flammable refrigerants, are increasingly being used today. This is accompanied by increasing safety requirements for the tightness of components and systems. This applies not only to refrigerants, but also to hydrogen, which is set to play a central role in the energy industry.

Elastomeric seals are essential for the leak-free operation of refrigeration systems and for the sealing (static and dynamic seals) of hydrogen-bearing systems. They contribute to the safety, reliability and efficiency of these systems. The correct selection and application of the materials are of crucial importance, as elastomers are only ever suitable for a specific area of application. It is therefore important that the material properties are precisely matched to the requirements of the systems with their wetted parts in order to ensure safe and long-lasting operation.

There is therefore a need for test methods that make it possible to determine the various material properties of elastomers in contact with flammable refrigerants and hydrogen. The swelling behaviour of the materials is an important parameter in characterising the resistance and suitability for these media. In general, greater swelling effects occur when there is a chemical similarity between the polymer chain and the acting medium. (e.g. perfluorocarbon elastomer/perfluororoelastomer in contact with fluorinated hydrocarbons).

The test setup is designed to allow testing at temperatures of up to 80 °C and pressures of up to 40 bar. This range of conditions covers most of the operating conditions that occur in real operation with flammable refrigerants. In the case of hydrogen, for example, the maximum pressure encountered in the high-temperature fuel cell application is 30 bar.


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